How much energy does it take to heat a cup of coffee or tea?

  So, just the other day, I was thinking about how much energy we need to destroy hair follicle and blood vessels. Typically we talk about 1 or 2 joules per pulse. Then I thought, what is 1 joule of energy? I had no idea what this actually meant in the ‘real’ world! So, I… Continue reading How much energy does it take to heat a cup of coffee or tea?

Tissue denaturation – the process

  And here it is, in black and white…. This wonderful little equation describes how hair, blood, collagen or any other protein denatures as a function of time and temperature. It is important to understand how this works if you want to treat these proteins properly. Most people have never even heard of it, yet… Continue reading Tissue denaturation – the process

My little insects… (tattoos)

When I discovered that high-speed particles of ink were flying out of laser treated tattoos in 2012, I also found that many of these particles had been embedded in the glass slides. Using an optical microscope I found that many of these ink particles looked like ‘insects’ – just like those in the movie Jurassic… Continue reading My little insects… (tattoos)